Scientific Proof of Resistance Pathogens Pathway

29 February 2012

GLOBAL - A strain of the potentially deadly antibiotic-resistant bacterium known as MRSA has jumped from food animals to humans, according to a new study involving two Northern Arizona University researchers.

Paul Keim, Regents’ professor and director of NAU’s Center for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, and Lance Price, NAU faculty member and director of the Center for Food Microbiology and Environmental Health at the Translational Genomics Research Institute, collaborated with scientists at 20 institutions around the world on the study published last week in the online journal mBio.

The TGen-led research utilised whole genome sequencing to study 89 genomes from humans and animals—including turkeys, chickens and pigs—with samples from 19 countries on four continents.

The research focused on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus CC398, also known as pig MRSA or livestock-associated MRSA because it most often infects people with direct exposure to swine or other food animals. It is likely that MRSA CC398 started as an antibiotic-susceptible strain in humans before it jumped to food animals.

After transferring to food animals, MRSA CC398 became resistant to two important antibiotics, tetracycline and methicillin, which are used for treating staph infections. The resistance likely is a result of the routine antibiotic use that characterises modern food animal production. The animals commonly are given antibiotics to prevent infection and promote growth.

More Newcastle Disease Outbreaks in Israel

28 February 2012

ISRAEL - The Israeli veterinary authorities have reported further outbreaks of Newcastle disease in Hazafon, Hamerkaz, Hadarom and in Jerusalem.

 The affected population consists of broilers and egg layers.

Out of a total of 228600 susceptible birds, approximately 17020 cases were identified. 5608 deaths were recorded and 131400 birds were destroyed. 

The source of the outbreak has still not been identified and the epidemiological investigation is ongoing.

Indonesia reports 4th bird flu death of the year

 Published on tuesday 28 feb 2012in

photos

A government veterinarian worker sprays anti-bird flu disinfectant over birds and fowls at Medan city market in North Sumatra. A 12-year-old boy on the Indonesian resort island of Bali has died from bird flu, the fourth human death from the virus this year, an official said on Saturday. -- PHOTO: AFP

JAKARTA (AFP) - A 12-year-old boy on the Indonesian resort island of Bali has died from bird flu, the fourth human death from the virus this year, an official said on Saturday.

The boy developed fever on Feb 11 and was admitted to hospital five days later, the Indonesian health ministry's head of animal-borne infectious disease control, Ms Rita Kusriastuti, told AFP.

'He suffered shortness of breath and eventually died on Feb 21. Laboratory tests confirmed he died from the H5N1 virus,' she added.

Concerns about avian influenza have risen in Asia since China in late December reported its first fatality from the H5N1 virus in 18 months.

Antimicrobial Resistance 2

 Development

Antimicrobial resistance and its development is a complex subject. Originally, it was a natural defence mechanism of bacteria to fight against naturally occurring antibiotics, which are produced by a number of fungi and bacteria in the wild, to aid their survival. Now, we are artificially exposing them to antibiotics as we treat animals, to fight disease.


Antibiotics are produced commercially by fermenting these fungi and bacteria and extracting the antibiotic (e.g. penicillins, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides) or frequently adding side chains and producing semi-synthetic antibiotics (e.g. amoxycillin, methicillin, cephalosporins) with different or improved spectra of activity, pharmacokinetics or efficacy. There are also fully synthesised antimicrobial compounds, like the sulphonamides, trimethoprim and the fluoroquinolones. Each antimicrobial family and its subgroups has its own mode of action and thereby each bacterial or mycoplasmal species develops its own way of countering the antimicrobial, as a defence or resistance mechanism, so that it can survive and continue to live in the environment it inhabits, e.g. the gut, the respiratory tract etc

Antimicrobial resistance in animals Part 1

Antimicrobial resistance in animals and its potential to spread to man has become one of the hot issues involving scientists, regulators and politicians in Europe. What to do about it seems to be the main subject; should we ban certain drugs (Danish approach), ban in-feed antimicrobial use (Dutch approach), should we limit their availability and distribution or ban them completely in animals? Currently, this is under consideration by the European Commission (DG Sanco). In the meantime, each country is adopting or has adopted its own approach to managing the problem.

Nitrate or Nitrite and Ammonia gas in your BH ( NO3 , NO2 and NH4 ) )

What Are They? Nitrate and nitrite are compounds that contain a nitrogen atom joined to oxygen atoms, with nitrate containing three oxygen atoms and nitrite containing two. In nature, nitrates are readily converted to nitrites and vice versa. Both are anions, or ions with a negative charge. They tend to associate with cations, or ions with a positive charge, to achieve a neutral charge balance.

Nitrogen + oxygen     =  Nitrate or nitrite


Nitrogen + hydrogen =   Ammonium gas

How Are They Used? Nitrates are used primarily to make fertilizer (Baja Urea I used it as protein booster in animal feed in my recent researh), but they are also used to make glass and explosives. These compounds also are used in various chemical production and separation processes. Nitrites are manufactured mainly for use as a food preservative, and both nitrates and nitrites are used extensively to enhance the color and extend the shelf life of processed meats.

What’s in the Environment? Nitrates are naturally present in soil, water, and food. In the natural nitrogen cycle, bacteria convert nitrogen to nitrate, which is taken up by plants and incorporated into tissues. Animals that eat plants use the nitrate to produce proteins. Nitrate is returned to the environment or birds nest ( turn to yellow or red colour )through  animal feaces ( dropping ), as well as through microbial degradation ofplants and animals after they die.

Microorganisms can convert nitrate or the ammonium ion (which is a nitrogen atom combined with four hydrogen atoms NH4) to nitrite; this reaction occurs in the environment as well as within the digestive tract of humans and other animals. After bacteria convert (reduce) nitrate to nitrite in the environment, the nitrogen cycle is completed when they then convert the nitrite to nitrogen. Normally, this natural cycling process does not allow excessive amounts of nitrates or nitrites to accumulate in the Environment

Now u know how to reduce nitrate, nitrite and ammonium gas in your bh or RBW

Bill Gates Donates $51 Million to Combat Disease

24 February 2012

GLOBAL - Edinburgh-based charity the Global Alliance for Livestock Veterinary Medicines (GALVmed) is to receive funding of over £31.2million ($51.5million) from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the UK Government's Department for International Development (DFID).

GALVmed's Interim CEO, Professor Peter Wells commented: "We are delighted that this funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and DFID will enable the GALVmed alliance to work with partners to scale-up access to livestock vaccines, medicines and diagnostics for resource-poor people. 

"Across the developing world, livestock are an essential means of funding the most basic needs including food, education and healthcare. We are working to protect livestock and save human lives and livelihoods by making livestock vaccines, diagnostics and medicines accessible and affordable to the millions in developing countries for whom livestock is a lifeline. This announcement will take us much further in achieving our goal."

The funding announcement was made by Mr Bill Gates at the 35th session of the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)'s Governing Council in Rome, Italy.

"If you care about the poorest, you care about agriculture," said Bill Gates, co-chair of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. "Investments in agriculture are the best weapons against hunger and poverty, and they have made life better for billions of people. The international agriculture community needs to be more innovative, coordinated and focused to really be effective in helping poor farmers grow more. If we can do that, we can dramatically reduce suffering, and build self-sufficiency."

Another new outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza in vietnam

VIET NAM - Another new outbreak of

 highly pathogenic avian influenza has

 been reported in Quang Nam.

The World Organisation for Animal

 Health  received follow-up no. 65

 on Saturday, 18 February.

Out of a total of 5050 susceptible birds

, 878 cases were reported. A total of 106

 deaths were recorded, and 4944 birds

 were destroyed. 

Experts Agree H5N1 Research Critical

              YOU SHOULD HAVE 

             TIME   TO READ THIS!!                        

                                                               

                     

21 February 2012  

GLOBAL - A small group of global public health and influenza experts at a WHO-convened meeting reached consensus on two urgent issues related to the newly created H5N1 influenza viruses: extending the temporary moratorium on research with new laboratory-modified H5N1 viruses and recognition that research on naturally-occurring H5N1 influenza virus must continue in order to protect public health.

"Given the high death rate associated with this virus - 60 per cent of all humans who have been infected have died - all participants at the meeting emphasized the high level of concern with this flu virus in the scientific community and the need to understand it better with additional research," says Dr Keiji Fukuda, Assistant Director-General of Health Security and Environment for the World Health Organization. "The results of this new research have made it clear that H5N1 viruses have the potential to transmit more easily between people underscoring the critical importance for continued surveillance and research with this virus." 

WHO convened the meeting as a first step to facilitate the discussion of differing opinions that have arisen in recent months after two research groups, one in the Netherlands and the other based in the United States, have created versions of the H5N1 influenza virus which are more transmissible in mammals than the H5N1 virus that occurs naturally. 

The experts at the meeting included lead researchers of the two studies, scientific journals interested in publishing the research, funders of the research, countries who provided the viruses, bioethicists and directors from several WHO collaborating-center laboratories specializing in influenza.

HPAI Kills Wild Bird

ONG KONG - Dr Thomas Sit, Chief Veterinary Officer/Assistant Director from Hong Kong's Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department has reported the death of a wild bird from H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza.

The World Organisation for Animal Health ( received follow-up report no. 8 on Friday, 17 February.

An oriental magpie robin was found dead on 7 February at Yuen Long as a result of the outbreak.

An intensive surveillance system is in place for all poultry farms, poultry markets and pet bird shops in Hong Kong. The H5N1 infected wild birds and goose carcass from unknown source were detected in ongoing surveillance programme on wild birds.
The dates of the outbreaks are the same as the dates the birds were collected (i.e. 17 December 2011, 30 December 2011, 1 January 2012, 12 January 2012, 20 January 2012 , 30 January 2012 , 6 February 2012, 7 February 2012 and 8 February 2012 respectively).

A total of 19,451 poultry, including 15,569 chickens, 810 pigeons, 1,950 pheasants and 1,122 silky fowls were culled in the Cheung Sha Wan Temporary Wholesale Poultry Market on 21 December 2011. The Wholesale Poultry Market was closed. Importation of live poultry and movement of poultry in local farms is banned for 21 days.

Surveillance and monitoring of local chicken farms has been stepped up. No H5 virus was detected in samples taken from the 30 chicken farms in Hong Kong. The Wholesale Poultry Market was reopened on 12 January 2012. 

Penilaian Semula Hukum Pelaburan Aamanah Saham Nasional (ASN ) Dan Amanah Saham Bumiputera (ASB ) Dan Seumpamanya

Setelah meneliti setiap pandangan ahli mesyuarat dan hujah-hujah yang dikemukakan, maka Mesyuarat Jawatankuasa Fatwa Negeri Selangor Kali Ke 2/2011 yang bersidang pada 12hb. April 2011M bersamaan 8 Jumadal Ula 1432H telah bersetuju memutuskan bahawa Pelaburan Amanah Saham Nasional (ASN), Amanah Saham Bumiputera (ASB) dan Seumpamanya adalah tidak halal kerana masih belum menepati hukum syarak dengan alasan seperti berikut:-

1. Skim Amanah Saham Nasional ( ASN ) dan Amanah Saham Bumiputera ( ASB ) secara jelas terlibat dalam aktiviti pelaburan yang bercampur-campur antara patuh syariah dan tidak patuh syariah sebahagian besarnya adalah daripada sektor kewangan konvensional. Ini berdasarkan hadis riwayat Jabir Al-Ja’fi daripada Ibnu Mas’ud:
   
   ما اجتمع الحلال والحرام إلاغلب الحرام الحلال
   Maksudnya : “ Tidak bercampur antara yang halal dan yang haram, melainkan mengalahkan yang haram atas yang halal . ”
    
2. Skim Amanah Saham Nasional ( ASN ) dan Amanah Saham Bumiputera ( ASB ) diklasifikasikan sebagai dana unit amanah tidak patuh syariah oleh Majlis Penasihat Syariah Suruhanjaya Sekuriti kerana terlibat dalam pelaburan tidak lulus syariah iaitu pelaburan dalam kaunter perbankan konvensional berteraskan faedah melalui Maybank dan pasaran wang.
    
3. Sumbangan kepada tidak patuh syariah adalah terbesar yang tidak bertepatan dengan kehendak syarak serta kadar yang berubah-ubah ini menyukarkan pelabur untuk membuat pembersihan terhadap hasil dividen.

Sumber:http://www.muftiselangor.gov.my/KoleksiDownload/16062011/ASNASB.pdf

Status Penwartaan: 

 Tidak Diwartakan

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Keputusan Muzakarah Jawatankuasa Fatwa MKI

• Pelaburan Dalam ASN, ASB Dan Seumpamanya

tiga syarat terhadap pengusaha-pengusaha sarang burung walet untuk mengeksport produk tersebut ke China.

---

KUALA LUMPUR 17 Jan. - Mulai tahun ini, Kementerian Pertanian dan Industri Asas Tani menetapkan tiga syarat terhadap pengusaha-pengusaha sarang burung walet untuk mengeksport produk tersebut ke China.
Menterinya, Datuk Seri Noh Omar berkata, pengusaha terbabit perlu mendapatkan  (1) sijil perakuan daripada Kementerian Kesihatan, Jabatan Perkhidmatan Veterinar serta Suruhanjaya Komunikasi dan Multimedia (SKMM) sekali gus melayakkan mereka memperoleh perakuan jenama 1Malaysia Best pada setiap produk tersebut.
Katanya, ia bertujuan memastikan kualiti sarang burung tersebut memenuhi piawaian yang ditetapkan oleh kerajaan China.
"Sijil dari Kementerian Kesihatan dan Jabatan Perkhidmatan Veterinar adalah bagi memastikan sarang burung tersebut tiada risiko jangkitan penyakit haiwan dan selamat untuk dimakan.
"Sementara (2) sijil pengenalan frekuensi radio (RFID) dari SKMM diperlukan untuk membolehkan sarang burung walet yang bermasalah dikesan menggunakan gelombang frekuensi radio untuk menentukan lokasi 'rumah' sarang burung berkenaan," katanya.
Beliau berkata demikian pada sidang akhbar selepas merasmikan Pusat Dagangan dan Depositori Sarang Burung Autentik 1Malaysia yang pertama di Puchong dekat sini semalam.
Menurut Noh, syarikat berkenaan juga perlu  (3) mengenal pasti sebuah syarikat di China sebagai rakan perniagaan bagi memudahkan eksport sarang burung walet dari Malaysia dipantau.
"Syarikat di China itu pula mesti melakukan promosi bahawa hanya produk sarang burung walet jenama 1Malaysia Best sahaja yang dijamin kualitinya dan selamat untuk dimakan," ujarnya.
Tambah beliau, antara lain, tindakan tersebut akan memulihkan kembali industri tersebut yang mengalami masalah pemasaran ke luar negara akibat dakwaan produk itu mempunyai kandungan nitrit yang boleh membahayakan kesihatan.
"Pada 2011, kerajaan China telah melaksanakan penguatkuasaan kandungan nitrit sifar yang mengakibatkan kejatuhan mendadak harga sarang burung walet sehingga ke paras 50 peratus," ujarnya.
Mengulas lanjut mengenai polisi kerajaan China tersebut, beliau berkata, ketika ini Kementerian Kesihatan kedua-dua negara sedang berbincang bagi mencapai kata sepakat mengenai kandungan nitrit yang dibenarkan.
Sementera itu, katanya, kementerian itu juga akan melaksanakan penguatkuasaan undang-undang bagi mengawal mana-mana individu termasuk pelancong membawa sarang burung walet lebih daripada satu kilogram ke luar negara.

Rbw bermasalah

Akum. salah satu sebab ialah kekurangan ventilation hole. Anda boleh lihat bilangan VH. Bagi mengurang pengaliran udara dalam rbw bukan meminima bilangan VH, banyak lagi teknik lain yang lebih jitu.

Three HPAI Outbreaks in Two Regions

VIET NAM - The Vietnamese veterinary authorities

 have reported three new outbreaks of highly

 pathogenic avian influenza in Thanh Hoa and Quang Tri.

Follow-up report no. 60 was sent to the World

 Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) yesterday, 8 February.

Out of 2180 susceptible birds, 1035 cases were

 identified. 935 deaths were recorded, and 1245 birds were destroyed.

The source of the outbreak remains inconclusive.

Kenapa jadi begini

Semasa Pak Din melayari blog teman-teman lama, terjumpa posting ini....Ermmm SST mendakwa pembinaan RBL ini gagal... tetapi tanpa usul periksa beliau menuduh kegagalan RBL ini disebabkan kontraktornya.... hanya orang yang biasa membina RBL sebegini bersama Pak Din dan berjaya dalam masa yang singkat akan tertanya-tanya... kenapa SST berkata demikian..

Rumah Walet GAGAL dan perlu diBaikpulih segera...!#20

Mengatakan sesuatu yang tak baik tanpa usul periksa boleh membuat DOSA KERINGKAN?? Allah Maha Adil.. Dia yang lebih mengetahui sejarah pembinaan rumah ini..  Apa yang Pak Din ketahui ialah menipu orang dengan tidak menjelaskan hutangnya membuatkan diri sendiri kerugian... bukan sedikit tetapi mungkin berlipat ganda... Rumah tidak berjaya menarik burung tidur didalamnya sehingga setengah tahun sudah merugikan bukan? hutang bank kena bayar dan mengambil khidmat SST ini bukan free.... mungkin sekali ganda dari hutangnya...Ingatlah Allah membayar secara cash dengan menarik rezekinya dan menggandakan kos bagi meminta orang lain untuk menarik burung masuk dan tidur. 

Hubungi Kami: 016-3280951/012-4370347 Nordin atau e-mail kami nordi_jef@yahoo.com. Matlamat kami ialah membantu anda..KEJAYAAN ANDA KEJAYAAN KAMI JUA..

Penggunaan Lampu simbah untuk memikat walet

Peranan lampu simbah memang tidak diragui dapat memikat burung terutama waktu malam. Setakat mana kejayaan mengguna lampu tersebut kena tanya tuan Rbw ini.