Swine Influenza Virus (SI), Flu or selsema babi

Swine Influenza Virus (SI), Flu

Swine influenza is caused by a number of closely related influenza A viruses that are noted for their ability to change their antigenic structure and create new strains.Each serotype is identified by surface proteins referred to as "H" and "N". The three common strains that affect the pig are described as H1 N1, H1 N2 and H3 N2. There are also different strains within these serotypes with differing pathogenicity (capacity to produce disease).
The incubation period of the disease is very short, as little as 12-48 hours and the onset is usually rapid and dramatic.
It is virtually impossible to maintain a population of pigs that is influenza virus free.

SI in large herds may become endemic with intermittent bouts of disease and infertility and different strains may also sequentially infect the herd. Immunity to influenza viruses is often short lived (6 months) and the immunity profile in the breeding herd varies considerably with time.

The CattleSite Foot and Mouth Disease News

ulser on foot

Further FMD Cases Reported In Tibet

mucous discharge

TIBET, CHINA - Following the recent Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) outbreak in Tibet, China, a further outbreak has occurred in the Linzhi region, Tibet.

lesion on lip

lesion on tongue 

The new outbreak occured on the 30 September 2011 in Duixu village, Zhongda town, Lang, Linzhi, Tibet.


A total of 108 cattle were found susceptible to the outbreak, out of which seven cases were reported. No deaths were recorded. However, all susceptible animals were destroyed.


In the case of swine, a total of 22 pigs were found susceptible, but no cases were reported. All susceptible animals were destroyed.


The cause of the outbreak remains unknown.

musim panen sarang burung walet

kerja panen sarang burung sangat bahaya

World Health Organization Report

INDONESIA - The Ministry of Health has announced a confirmed case of human infection with avian influenza A(H5N1) virus.
The case is an one-year-old girl from West Jakarta district, DKI Jakarta Province. She developed symptoms and was treated at a health care facility on 8 August. She died on 25 August.
Of the 179 cases confirmed to date in Indonesia, 147 have been fatal.                                                                                            I addressed malaysians on how  to take precautions ( refer to the last month posting ) and report accurately about the virus.But the dangers from new flu strains go well beyond those posed by this virus.... wan zul

Recommendations for Avian Influenza

All patients who present to a health-care setting with fever and respiratory symptoms should be managed according to recommendations for Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette and questioned regarding their recent travel history.

Patients with a history of travel within 10 days to a country with avian influenza activity and are hospitalized with a severe febrile respiratory illness, or are otherwise under evaluation for avian influenza, should be managed using isolation precautions identical to those recommended for patients with known Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). These include:

• Standard Precautions
  • Pay careful attention to hand hygiene before and after all patient contact or contact with items potentially contaminated with respiratory secretions.
• Contact Precautions
  • Use gloves and gown for all patient contact.
  • Use dedicated equipment such as stethoscopes, disposable blood pressure cuffs, disposable thermometers, etc.
• Eye protection (i.e., goggles or face shields)
  • Wear when within 3 feet of the patient.
• Airborne Precautions
  • Place the patient in an airborne isolation room (AIR). Such rooms should have monitored negative air pressure in relation to corridor, with 6 to 12 air changes per hour (ACH), and exhaust air directly outside or have recirculated air filtered by a high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter. If an AIR is unavailable, contact the health-care facility engineer to assist or use portable HEPA filters  to augment the number of ACH.
  • Use a fit-tested respirator, at least as protective as a National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)-approved N-95 filtering facepiece (i.e., disposable) respirator, when entering the room. 

Predetor Faeces

                                      White owl the most hamful predator to your BH.

                                                                                                                                                          The differences between normal and territorial faeces of owl

Normal faeces


 Below are the territorial marking feaces

Litter Consumption Affects Gut Development

AUSTRALIA - Research at Poultry CRC has demonstrated that broilers consume a considerable amount of litter, which stimulates gut development, and that the amount consumed depends on the type of material.

 This is financially important for two reasons. Firstly, some poultry producers are facing difficulties in sourcing certain types of litter material between batches because of availability and price. Secondly, as explained below, a poorly-developed gut may mean reduced feed efficiency.

Broiler in litter

This research has demonstrated that the chickens consume a considerable amount of litter (bedding material), which stimulates gut development. Results show that consumption of litter containing coarse fibre markedly increases gizzard weight, together with a number of positive outcomes for enzyme secretion, disease resistance and bird performance. 

The gizzard is regarded as a 'pace-maker' organ for nutrient digestion in poultry. A well-functioning gizzard grinds down feed to as fine as 5µm with an average diameter of 32.5µm. The proper function of the gizzard can only be maintained if the bird is given access to some structural components either in the diet (coarse fibre) or in the litter. If not, the gizzard fails to develop to its proper size and the proventriculus becomes enlarged. The nutritional implication is that a non-functioning gizzard will allow a large amount of unprocessed food to pass into the small intestine in a short span of time (as the modern bird has a voracious appetite). This large amount of food overwhelms the enzymatic digestive system, leading to undigested nutrients, such as starch and protein, ending up in the large intestine, where it ferments. Loss of digestion efficiency via fermentation of starch and protein in the large intestine often reduces feed efficiency in poultry. 

It is clear from our research that birds consume different amounts of litter materials depending on the source. Hardwood saw dust is usually preferred over softwood litter or shredded paper in terms of stimulation of the gizzard. 

Perancangan Abu Nawas

RM60j diperuntuk sehingga 2015

Oleh ANI AWANG
utusanperak@utusan.com.my

IPOH 9 Ogos – Lembaga Pertubuhan Peladang (LPP) akan memperuntukkan lebih RM60 juta tahun ini hingga 2015 untuk melaksanakan pelbagai program ke arah meningkatkan sektor perladangan di negeri ini.

Pengarah LPP negeri, Kamalrul Badri Mat Ali berkata, antara projek tersebut ialah pembinaan kilang kelapa sawit bernilai RM44 juta di kawasan seluas 24 hektar di Beruas.

Katanya, projek itu akan dilaksanakan tahun depan dan kilang berkenaan dijangka beroperasi pada akhir 2013 atau pun 2014.

Beliau berkata, LPP juga akan membina 50 pusat belian kelapa sawit, mewujudkan 30 pusat sehenti, membina 10 pusat ternakan burung walit bernilai RM1 juta.       Perancangan kurang berdaya maju, 1juta unt 10 Rumah burung walit, 1unit  100k cukup untuk beli semen dan besi Sahaja. 

Newcastle disease in Israel

ISRAEL - The Israeli veterinary authorities have reported an outbreak of Newcastle disease in Hadarom.

"

The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) received an immediate notification yesterday, 27 September. The affected population comprises 5 to 7-week-old broilers. The flock has been divided into four pens. All the pens were affected.

A total of 10,5000 birds were found susceptible to the disease, out of which 4500 were identified. A total of 1500 deaths was recorded, and 10,3500 birds were destroyed.

The source of the outbreak remains inconclusive. The epidemiological investigation is ongoing.New outbreaks

Outbreak 1 (Kfar Yeoshua)	Kfar Yehoshua, Yizreel, HAZAFON
Date of start of the outbreak	14/12/2010
Outbreak status	Resolved (22/03/2011)
Epidemiological unit	Village
Affected animals	Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Destroyed Slaughtered Birds 43000 9000 1500 41500 0
Affected Population	First outbreak on 14 December 2010 in 29,000 30-day-old broilers.                 Second outbreak on 20 April 2011 in 14,000 33-day-old broilers.
Summary of outbreaks	Total outbreaks: 1
Outbreak statistics	Species Apparent morbidity rate Apparent mortality rate Apparent case fatality rate Proportion susceptible animals lost* Birds 20.93% 3.49% 16.67% 100.00% * Removed from the susceptible population through death, destruction and/or slaughter

Epidemiology

Source of the outbreak(s) or origin of infection

Unknown or inconclusive

Epidemiological comments

All 7,000 birds were grown on one farm. On 11 December, 3,000 birds were moved to an adjacent (200 meters) farm. On 14 December, the farmer reported an increase in mortality. The farm veterinarian visited the two farms. On the first farm there were respiratory signs in all birds and 10 birds exhibited neurological signs. No clinical signs were seen on the second farm. Tracheal and cloacal swabs were submitted to the laboratory for viral isolation and RRT-PCR. All birds on both farms are in the process of being culled. There was no movement of animals or animal products out of the sites.

Reducing Effects of Heat Stress in Poultry

UK - Supplementing layer feed with acetic acid may provide an effective, cost-efficient method of achieving significant reductions in the negative effects of heat-stress, resulting in major improvements in egg production and quality, according to Anitox, a world-leader in pathogen elimination and mould control products for the feed milling and primary meat, egg and fish production industries.
High environmental temperatures can have a significant detrimental impact on laying hen performance, reducing feed intake, egg production and quality, as well as increasing mortality. Alleviating the effects of high environmental temperatures can therefore significantly improve flock performance and profitability," explains Alan Doyle, BVMS, MRCVS the company’s European Business Development Manager.     There are so many many drug put into poultry feed that related to the cancel..... WAN ZUL

wan zul dict.

Anemia

• Pathology . a quantitative deficiency of the hemoglobin,often accompanied by a reduced number of red blood cellsand causing pallor, weakness, and breathlessness.
• a lack of power, vigor, vitality, or colorfulness: His writingsuffers from anemia.

Gengrene

• death of soft tissue due to obstructedcirculation, usually followed by decomposition and putrefaction.

Necrosis   nekros or necro "deadbody" Death: necrobiosis.

• death of a portion of tissue differentially affectedby local injury (as loss of blood supply, corrosion, burning, or thelocal lesion of a disease)
• death of a circumscribed portion of animal or plant tissue. 

      natural death of tissue is called necrobiosis  Necrosis may follow a wide variety of   
     injuries, both physical(cuts, burns, bruises) and biological (effects of disease-
     causingagents). The sign of necrosis-dead tissue-is called a lesion; it isoften of 
     diagnostic value. Necrosis is brought about byintracellular enzymes that are activated 
     upon injury and proceedto destroy damaged cells.Death of a circumscribed area of 
     plant or animal tissue as a resultof an outside agent;.

LESION

     The sign of necrosis-dead tissue-is called a lesion.

Phal·lus·es  or Phal·li  (fāl'ī')

1.  The penis or clitoris of vetebrates.