Antimicrobial resistance in animals Part 1

Antimicrobial resistance in animals and its potential to spread to man has become one of the hot issues involving scientists, regulators and politicians in Europe. What to do about it seems to be the main subject; should we ban certain drugs (Danish approach), ban in-feed antimicrobial use (Dutch approach), should we limit their availability and distribution or ban them completely in animals? Currently, this is under consideration by the European Commission (DG Sanco). In the meantime, each country is adopting or has adopted its own approach to managing the problem.

Nitrate or Nitrite and Ammonia gas in your BH ( NO3 , NO2 and NH4 ) )

What Are They? Nitrate and nitrite are compounds that contain a nitrogen atom joined to oxygen atoms, with nitrate containing three oxygen atoms and nitrite containing two. In nature, nitrates are readily converted to nitrites and vice versa. Both are anions, or ions with a negative charge. They tend to associate with cations, or ions with a positive charge, to achieve a neutral charge balance.

Nitrogen + oxygen     =  Nitrate or nitrite


Nitrogen + hydrogen =   Ammonium gas

How Are They Used? Nitrates are used primarily to make fertilizer (Baja Urea I used it as protein booster in animal feed in my recent researh), but they are also used to make glass and explosives. These compounds also are used in various chemical production and separation processes. Nitrites are manufactured mainly for use as a food preservative, and both nitrates and nitrites are used extensively to enhance the color and extend the shelf life of processed meats.

What’s in the Environment? Nitrates are naturally present in soil, water, and food. In the natural nitrogen cycle, bacteria convert nitrogen to nitrate, which is taken up by plants and incorporated into tissues. Animals that eat plants use the nitrate to produce proteins. Nitrate is returned to the environment or birds nest ( turn to yellow or red colour )through  animal feaces ( dropping ), as well as through microbial degradation ofplants and animals after they die.

Microorganisms can convert nitrate or the ammonium ion (which is a nitrogen atom combined with four hydrogen atoms NH4) to nitrite; this reaction occurs in the environment as well as within the digestive tract of humans and other animals. After bacteria convert (reduce) nitrate to nitrite in the environment, the nitrogen cycle is completed when they then convert the nitrite to nitrogen. Normally, this natural cycling process does not allow excessive amounts of nitrates or nitrites to accumulate in the Environment

Now u know how to reduce nitrate, nitrite and ammonium gas in your bh or RBW

Bill Gates Donates $51 Million to Combat Disease

24 February 2012

GLOBAL - Edinburgh-based charity the Global Alliance for Livestock Veterinary Medicines (GALVmed) is to receive funding of over £31.2million ($51.5million) from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the UK Government's Department for International Development (DFID).

GALVmed's Interim CEO, Professor Peter Wells commented: "We are delighted that this funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and DFID will enable the GALVmed alliance to work with partners to scale-up access to livestock vaccines, medicines and diagnostics for resource-poor people. 

"Across the developing world, livestock are an essential means of funding the most basic needs including food, education and healthcare. We are working to protect livestock and save human lives and livelihoods by making livestock vaccines, diagnostics and medicines accessible and affordable to the millions in developing countries for whom livestock is a lifeline. This announcement will take us much further in achieving our goal."

The funding announcement was made by Mr Bill Gates at the 35th session of the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)'s Governing Council in Rome, Italy.

"If you care about the poorest, you care about agriculture," said Bill Gates, co-chair of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. "Investments in agriculture are the best weapons against hunger and poverty, and they have made life better for billions of people. The international agriculture community needs to be more innovative, coordinated and focused to really be effective in helping poor farmers grow more. If we can do that, we can dramatically reduce suffering, and build self-sufficiency."

Another new outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza in vietnam

VIET NAM - Another new outbreak of

 highly pathogenic avian influenza has

 been reported in Quang Nam.

The World Organisation for Animal

 Health  received follow-up no. 65

 on Saturday, 18 February.

Out of a total of 5050 susceptible birds

, 878 cases were reported. A total of 106

 deaths were recorded, and 4944 birds

 were destroyed. 

Experts Agree H5N1 Research Critical

              YOU SHOULD HAVE 

             TIME   TO READ THIS!!                        

                                                               

                     

21 February 2012  

GLOBAL - A small group of global public health and influenza experts at a WHO-convened meeting reached consensus on two urgent issues related to the newly created H5N1 influenza viruses: extending the temporary moratorium on research with new laboratory-modified H5N1 viruses and recognition that research on naturally-occurring H5N1 influenza virus must continue in order to protect public health.

"Given the high death rate associated with this virus - 60 per cent of all humans who have been infected have died - all participants at the meeting emphasized the high level of concern with this flu virus in the scientific community and the need to understand it better with additional research," says Dr Keiji Fukuda, Assistant Director-General of Health Security and Environment for the World Health Organization. "The results of this new research have made it clear that H5N1 viruses have the potential to transmit more easily between people underscoring the critical importance for continued surveillance and research with this virus." 

WHO convened the meeting as a first step to facilitate the discussion of differing opinions that have arisen in recent months after two research groups, one in the Netherlands and the other based in the United States, have created versions of the H5N1 influenza virus which are more transmissible in mammals than the H5N1 virus that occurs naturally. 

The experts at the meeting included lead researchers of the two studies, scientific journals interested in publishing the research, funders of the research, countries who provided the viruses, bioethicists and directors from several WHO collaborating-center laboratories specializing in influenza.

HPAI Kills Wild Bird

ONG KONG - Dr Thomas Sit, Chief Veterinary Officer/Assistant Director from Hong Kong's Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department has reported the death of a wild bird from H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza.

The World Organisation for Animal Health ( received follow-up report no. 8 on Friday, 17 February.

An oriental magpie robin was found dead on 7 February at Yuen Long as a result of the outbreak.

An intensive surveillance system is in place for all poultry farms, poultry markets and pet bird shops in Hong Kong. The H5N1 infected wild birds and goose carcass from unknown source were detected in ongoing surveillance programme on wild birds.
The dates of the outbreaks are the same as the dates the birds were collected (i.e. 17 December 2011, 30 December 2011, 1 January 2012, 12 January 2012, 20 January 2012 , 30 January 2012 , 6 February 2012, 7 February 2012 and 8 February 2012 respectively).

A total of 19,451 poultry, including 15,569 chickens, 810 pigeons, 1,950 pheasants and 1,122 silky fowls were culled in the Cheung Sha Wan Temporary Wholesale Poultry Market on 21 December 2011. The Wholesale Poultry Market was closed. Importation of live poultry and movement of poultry in local farms is banned for 21 days.

Surveillance and monitoring of local chicken farms has been stepped up. No H5 virus was detected in samples taken from the 30 chicken farms in Hong Kong. The Wholesale Poultry Market was reopened on 12 January 2012. 

Penilaian Semula Hukum Pelaburan Aamanah Saham Nasional (ASN ) Dan Amanah Saham Bumiputera (ASB ) Dan Seumpamanya

Setelah meneliti setiap pandangan ahli mesyuarat dan hujah-hujah yang dikemukakan, maka Mesyuarat Jawatankuasa Fatwa Negeri Selangor Kali Ke 2/2011 yang bersidang pada 12hb. April 2011M bersamaan 8 Jumadal Ula 1432H telah bersetuju memutuskan bahawa Pelaburan Amanah Saham Nasional (ASN), Amanah Saham Bumiputera (ASB) dan Seumpamanya adalah tidak halal kerana masih belum menepati hukum syarak dengan alasan seperti berikut:-

1. Skim Amanah Saham Nasional ( ASN ) dan Amanah Saham Bumiputera ( ASB ) secara jelas terlibat dalam aktiviti pelaburan yang bercampur-campur antara patuh syariah dan tidak patuh syariah sebahagian besarnya adalah daripada sektor kewangan konvensional. Ini berdasarkan hadis riwayat Jabir Al-Ja’fi daripada Ibnu Mas’ud:
   
   ما اجتمع الحلال والحرام إلاغلب الحرام الحلال
   Maksudnya : “ Tidak bercampur antara yang halal dan yang haram, melainkan mengalahkan yang haram atas yang halal . ”
    
2. Skim Amanah Saham Nasional ( ASN ) dan Amanah Saham Bumiputera ( ASB ) diklasifikasikan sebagai dana unit amanah tidak patuh syariah oleh Majlis Penasihat Syariah Suruhanjaya Sekuriti kerana terlibat dalam pelaburan tidak lulus syariah iaitu pelaburan dalam kaunter perbankan konvensional berteraskan faedah melalui Maybank dan pasaran wang.
    
3. Sumbangan kepada tidak patuh syariah adalah terbesar yang tidak bertepatan dengan kehendak syarak serta kadar yang berubah-ubah ini menyukarkan pelabur untuk membuat pembersihan terhadap hasil dividen.

Sumber:http://www.muftiselangor.gov.my/KoleksiDownload/16062011/ASNASB.pdf

Status Penwartaan: 

 Tidak Diwartakan

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Keputusan Muzakarah Jawatankuasa Fatwa MKI

• Pelaburan Dalam ASN, ASB Dan Seumpamanya

tiga syarat terhadap pengusaha-pengusaha sarang burung walet untuk mengeksport produk tersebut ke China.

---

KUALA LUMPUR 17 Jan. - Mulai tahun ini, Kementerian Pertanian dan Industri Asas Tani menetapkan tiga syarat terhadap pengusaha-pengusaha sarang burung walet untuk mengeksport produk tersebut ke China.
Menterinya, Datuk Seri Noh Omar berkata, pengusaha terbabit perlu mendapatkan  (1) sijil perakuan daripada Kementerian Kesihatan, Jabatan Perkhidmatan Veterinar serta Suruhanjaya Komunikasi dan Multimedia (SKMM) sekali gus melayakkan mereka memperoleh perakuan jenama 1Malaysia Best pada setiap produk tersebut.
Katanya, ia bertujuan memastikan kualiti sarang burung tersebut memenuhi piawaian yang ditetapkan oleh kerajaan China.
"Sijil dari Kementerian Kesihatan dan Jabatan Perkhidmatan Veterinar adalah bagi memastikan sarang burung tersebut tiada risiko jangkitan penyakit haiwan dan selamat untuk dimakan.
"Sementara (2) sijil pengenalan frekuensi radio (RFID) dari SKMM diperlukan untuk membolehkan sarang burung walet yang bermasalah dikesan menggunakan gelombang frekuensi radio untuk menentukan lokasi 'rumah' sarang burung berkenaan," katanya.
Beliau berkata demikian pada sidang akhbar selepas merasmikan Pusat Dagangan dan Depositori Sarang Burung Autentik 1Malaysia yang pertama di Puchong dekat sini semalam.
Menurut Noh, syarikat berkenaan juga perlu  (3) mengenal pasti sebuah syarikat di China sebagai rakan perniagaan bagi memudahkan eksport sarang burung walet dari Malaysia dipantau.
"Syarikat di China itu pula mesti melakukan promosi bahawa hanya produk sarang burung walet jenama 1Malaysia Best sahaja yang dijamin kualitinya dan selamat untuk dimakan," ujarnya.
Tambah beliau, antara lain, tindakan tersebut akan memulihkan kembali industri tersebut yang mengalami masalah pemasaran ke luar negara akibat dakwaan produk itu mempunyai kandungan nitrit yang boleh membahayakan kesihatan.
"Pada 2011, kerajaan China telah melaksanakan penguatkuasaan kandungan nitrit sifar yang mengakibatkan kejatuhan mendadak harga sarang burung walet sehingga ke paras 50 peratus," ujarnya.
Mengulas lanjut mengenai polisi kerajaan China tersebut, beliau berkata, ketika ini Kementerian Kesihatan kedua-dua negara sedang berbincang bagi mencapai kata sepakat mengenai kandungan nitrit yang dibenarkan.
Sementera itu, katanya, kementerian itu juga akan melaksanakan penguatkuasaan undang-undang bagi mengawal mana-mana individu termasuk pelancong membawa sarang burung walet lebih daripada satu kilogram ke luar negara.

Rbw bermasalah

Akum. salah satu sebab ialah kekurangan ventilation hole. Anda boleh lihat bilangan VH. Bagi mengurang pengaliran udara dalam rbw bukan meminima bilangan VH, banyak lagi teknik lain yang lebih jitu.

Three HPAI Outbreaks in Two Regions

VIET NAM - The Vietnamese veterinary authorities

 have reported three new outbreaks of highly

 pathogenic avian influenza in Thanh Hoa and Quang Tri.

Follow-up report no. 60 was sent to the World

 Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) yesterday, 8 February.

Out of 2180 susceptible birds, 1035 cases were

 identified. 935 deaths were recorded, and 1245 birds were destroyed.

The source of the outbreak remains inconclusive.

Kenapa jadi begini

Semasa Pak Din melayari blog teman-teman lama, terjumpa posting ini....Ermmm SST mendakwa pembinaan RBL ini gagal... tetapi tanpa usul periksa beliau menuduh kegagalan RBL ini disebabkan kontraktornya.... hanya orang yang biasa membina RBL sebegini bersama Pak Din dan berjaya dalam masa yang singkat akan tertanya-tanya... kenapa SST berkata demikian..

Rumah Walet GAGAL dan perlu diBaikpulih segera...!#20

Mengatakan sesuatu yang tak baik tanpa usul periksa boleh membuat DOSA KERINGKAN?? Allah Maha Adil.. Dia yang lebih mengetahui sejarah pembinaan rumah ini..  Apa yang Pak Din ketahui ialah menipu orang dengan tidak menjelaskan hutangnya membuatkan diri sendiri kerugian... bukan sedikit tetapi mungkin berlipat ganda... Rumah tidak berjaya menarik burung tidur didalamnya sehingga setengah tahun sudah merugikan bukan? hutang bank kena bayar dan mengambil khidmat SST ini bukan free.... mungkin sekali ganda dari hutangnya...Ingatlah Allah membayar secara cash dengan menarik rezekinya dan menggandakan kos bagi meminta orang lain untuk menarik burung masuk dan tidur. 

Hubungi Kami: 016-3280951/012-4370347 Nordin atau e-mail kami nordi_jef@yahoo.com. Matlamat kami ialah membantu anda..KEJAYAAN ANDA KEJAYAAN KAMI JUA..

Penggunaan Lampu simbah untuk memikat walet

Peranan lampu simbah memang tidak diragui dapat memikat burung terutama waktu malam. Setakat mana kejayaan mengguna lampu tersebut kena tanya tuan Rbw ini.

Diantara Rbw gred super A yang berjaya

salam. hari ini saya ingin berkongsi sebuah Rbw yang berjaya mempopulasi burung walet dengan kadar yang paling cepat diantara Rbw2 dibawah kawal selia wanzulswiftlet. Faktor kejayaan Rbw ini banyak bergantung kepada kemahiran wanzulswiftlet ( izin ALLAH ) memikat walit di kawasan yang competive dimana terdapat  terdapat puluhan mungkin mencapai seratus Rbw dalam 10 kilometer radius.
Dalam masa 1.5 tahun Rbw ini berjaya membuahkan hasil sebanyak 180 sarang yang sememangnya adalah begitu sukar unt mendapat sarang sebanyak itu di kawasan competive sekarang. Pelbagai cara dicipta untuk mempercepatkan hasil sarang burung walet bagi Rbw ini, sebelum kejayaan itu diperolehi.
Sekiranya anda menyerah semata mata kepada nasib, saya percaya nasib yang baik tidak akan menyebelahi anda dalam persaingan memikat burung walet masuk, tidur, bersarang, bertelur, menetas dan mencapai burung dewasa.

Deceased Indonesian Had Swine Flu, Not Bird flu

The Ministry of Health confirmed on Friday that a man who

 was initially thought to have died as are sult of contracting

 bird flu was instead killed by complications caused by the

 H1N1 virus, formerly known as swine flu.  Rohmad, 18, from 

Tangerang, died on Wednesday after five days in the

 isolation ward at Tangerang General Hospital. 

He had been admitted last week complaining of high fever, shortness of breath and a sore throat.

“The cause of death of the

 Tangerang resident was

 because of the H1N1 virus

, not H5N1 [bird flu],” Ministry

 of Health official Trihono

 said.

There have only been a handful of fatalities attributed to H1N1 in Indonesia, and Trihono stressed that this patient had been suffering from a condition that made him more susceptible.

China reports second birds flu death

CHINA - A 39-year-old male infected with H5N1 bird flu virus died on Sunday in southern China, according to China's Ministry of Health.

This is the second victim of the disease in the past month, after the death of a bus driver in Canton province, which happened on 31 December.

The unidentified man was admitted to a hospital in the province of Guizhou, where, according to an informed regional health department, his condition deteriorated at a rapid rate.

This accounts for 28th death resulting from bird flu in China since 2003, a total of 42 human cases, reports the BBC. 

Researchers Explore Algae-Based Feed

Researchers Explore Algae-Based Feed

US - The pigs and poultry in 


Professor Xingen Lei's lab have 


been consuming feed one wouldn't 


expect in Ithaca: marine algae.

The Cornell animal science professor is

 testing the unlikely material as a new

 protein-rich source of feed to

 supplement and replace some of the

 corn and soybean meal mix

 traditionally given to food-producing

 animals.

By doing so, he could transform a

 biofuel byproduct into a valuable

 commodity, potentially thousands of

 acres of cropland, according to New

 York Ag.

"Current animal feed directly competes

 against human food sources and, thus,

 is unsustainable," Professor Lei said.

 "We must develop alternatives to

 soybean and corn for animal

 feeds."

Algae produces 50 times more oil per

 acre than corn, with a much smaller

 carbon footprint; uses nutrients more

 efficiently than land plants, with no

 runoff; and places no demand on high-

quality agricultural land or freshwater

 supplies.There are an estimated 1 billio swine,


 1 billion cattle, 2 billion sheep and goats and 40


 billion poultry worldwide.

 The average pig consumes about 660


 pounds of feed perday  (660x1B)


by the time it goes tomarket, Professor


 Lei said, so replacing

 just 10 per cent of that feed with algae

 would save a whopping 33 million tons.

 found that dried defatted algae derived

 from biofuel production can replace up

 to one-third of soybean meal in diets

 for pigs and chickens. It is an

 attractive source because it is high in

 protein - 20-70 per cent, compared

 with about 10 per cent in corn and 40

 per cent in soy

Indonesia reports second bird flu death this year

JAKARTA, January 20, 2012 (AFP) -


 Indonesia on Friday reported its second


 human death from bird flu this year, with


 the


 death of a five-year-old girl who recently lost


 her relative to the deadly virus.

Concerns about avian influenza have


 risen in  the region after China in late


 December


 reported its first fatality from the H5N1 virus in 18 months.

Vietnam on Thursday reported its first human death from the virus in nearly two years, as the virus also claimed the life of a toddler in Cambodia.

The latest Indonesian victim lived in the same house with a 24-year-old relative who died of the virus on January 7 but authorities say there is no evidence of human-to-human transmission between the two infected people.

"The child passed away after being treated for a few days at a hospital," Tjandra Yoga Aditama, the head of communicable diseases at Indonesia's health ministry, told AFP.

"We have conducted several tests and the results showed that she contracted the same H5N1 avian influenza virus that was detected before, so the virus has not developed," he said.

The girl had contact with poultry around their neighbourhood, he said, but could not confirm whether she had contracted the virus from chickens or pigeons -- both found in her neighbourhood of Tanjung Priok in north Jakarta.

Indonesia has been the hardest-hit by


 bird flu,with 150 deaths reported between


 2003 and  2011,according to the World


 Health Organization.

What the professional consultan said

The test was conducted just after sun rise at about 6:30 am.
The key issue here is there are suitable land which those 
birds passed by day in and day out if you know how to find them.
Once you have located this type of location your risk in 
building a BH is minimum
.
If I am given the responsibility to build one, I 


am sure I can get 1000 nests within 12 month
Just keep searching for this type of location and you will be a 
successful swiftlet farmer


Only ALLAH can guarentee those thing 


happen, who you are creature?...Wanzulswiftlet

One malaysia best label Only for malaysia bird's nest

He said that until now, still waiting for the Ministry of Agriculture of China and the Chinese Ministry of Health announced the bird's nest food security for the official decision; and the Ministry of Health indicators can be issued to meet the standards of bird's nest business.He said the Ministry of Health, the two sides are still having consultations to discuss the details, including bird's nest of the nitrite content of hydrochloric acid.
On the other hand, Nuoao Ma pointed out that China and other countries there are thousands of tons of bird's nest can not be sold, so he was worried that once the bird's nest can be re-exported, will lead to a large number of products into the market, and there is no guarantee that the market before the stranded bird's nest.

Seven Newcastle Disease Outbreaks in Israel

Seven Newcastle Disease Outbreaks in Israel

ISRAEL - The Israeli veterinary authorities have reported seven new outbreaks of Newcastle disease in Haifa, Hadarom, Hazafon and Jerusalem.

The follow-up report no.7 on Sunday, 15 January. The affected population comprises broilers, turkeys and egg layers.

According to the report, a total of 454,500 birds showed signs of susceptibility to the outbreak, out of which approximately 40,000 cases were reported. A total of 26,000 deaths were recorded, and 219,500 birds were destroyed, while 186,000 were slaughtered.

The source of the outbreak remains inconclusive, and the epidemiological investigation is ongoing.