New Study Maps Hotspots of Human-animal Infectious Diseases and Emerging Disease Outbreaks

A new global study mapping human-animal diseases like tuberculosis (TB) and Rift Valley fever finds that an "unlucky" 13 zoonoses are responsible for 2.4 billion cases of human illness and 2.2 million deaths per year. The vast majority occur in low- and middle-income countries.

The report, which was conducted by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), the Institute of Zoology (UK) and the Hanoi School of Public Health in Viet Nam, maps poverty, livestock-keeping and the diseases humans get from animals, and presents a ‘Top 20’ list of geographical hotspots.

"From cyst-causing tapeworms to avian flu, zoonoses present a major threat to human and animal health," said Delia Grace, a veterinary epidemiologist and food safety expert with ILRI in Kenya and lead author of the study. "Targeting the diseases in the hardest hit countries is crucial to protecting global health as well as to reducing severe levels of poverty and illness among the world's one billion poor livestock keepers."

"Exploding global demand for livestock products is likely to fuel the spread of a wide range of human-animal infectious diseases," Grace added.

According to the study, Ethiopia, Nigeria and Tanzania in Africa, as well as India in Asia, have the highest zoonotic disease burdens, with widespread illness and death. Meanwhile, the northeastern United States, Western Europe (especially the United Kingdom), Brazil and parts of Southeast Asia may be hotspots of "emerging zoonoses"—those that are newly infecting humans, are newly virulent, or have newly become drug resistant. The study examined the likely impacts of livestock intensification and climate change on the 13 zoonotic diseases currently causing the greatest harm to the world's poor.

The report, Mapping of Poverty and Likely Zoonoses Hotspots, was developed with support from the United Kingdom's Department for International Development (DFID). The goal of the research was to identify areas where better control of zoonotic diseases would most benefit poor people. It also updates a map of emerging disease events published in the science journal Nature in 2008 by Jones et al.

Remarkably, some 60 per cent of all human diseases and 75 per cent of all emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic. Among the high-priority zoonoses studied here are "endemic zoonoses," such as brucellosis, which cause the vast majority of illness and death in poor countries; "epidemic zoonoses," which typically occur as outbreaks, such as anthrax and Rift Valley fever; and the relatively rare "emerging zoonoses," such as bird flu, a few of which, like HIV/AIDS, spread to cause global cataclysms. While zoonoses can be transmitted to people by either wild or domesticated animals, most human infections are acquired from the world's 24 billion livestock, including pigs, poultry, cattle, goats, sheep and camels.

Intensification and Disease Spread through Zoonotic

The most rapid changes in pig and poultry farming are expected in Burkina Faso and Ghana in Africa and India, Myanmar and Pakistan in Asia. Pig and poultry farming is also intensifying more rapidly than other farm commodity sectors, with more animals being raised in more concentrated spaces, which raises the risk of disease spread. 

Assessing the likely impacts of livestock intensification on the high-priority zoonoses, the study found that livestock density is associated more with disease "event emergence" than with overall disease burdens. Both the northeastern United States and Western Europe have high densities of livestock and high levels of disease emergence (e.g., BSE, or "mad cow" disease, and Lyme disease), but low numbers of people falling sick and dying from zoonotic diseases. The latter is almost certainly due to the relatively good disease reporting and health care available in these rich countries. 

Bovine tuberculosis is a good example of a zoonotic disease that is now rare in both livestock and human populations in rich countries but continues to plague poor countries, where it infects about seven per cent of cattle, reducing their production by six per cent. Most infected cattle have the bovine form of TB, but both the human and bovine forms of TB can infect cows and people. Results of this study suggest that the burden of zoonotic forms of TB may be underestimated, with bovine TB causing up to 10 per cent of human TB cases. Human TB remains one of the most important and common human diseases in poor countries; in 2010, 12 million people suffered from active disease, with 80 per cent of all new cases occurring in 22 developing countries.

Zoonotic    =   disease can transfer from animal to human exp. TB,Birds flu, swine flu,mad cow ,Antrakh etc

Indonesia reports 9th birdflu death this year

A 37-year Indonesian man has died of avian influenza in Yogyakarta province of Indonesia, bringing the total fatality to 9 this year, health ministry said on its website on Sunday.

The man from Prambanan of Sleman district died on July 30 after being treated in hospitals, the ministry said.

Two laboratory tests confirmed that he was positive on having H5N1 virus, putting the the total death to 159 out of 191 cases since the viruses first attacked the country in 2005.

The self-employed man first felt the symtomps of the disease on July 24 with having high fever before he went to a hospital in the next day. Two days later, the man was treated in the hospital for his worsening condition and on July 29 he was shifted to another hospital.

An investigation showed that the man had possibly had contact with birds or poultry as it was found pet caged birds kept on his work place, and about 50 meters from his house there was a poulty slaugher house, as well as a cattle farm near it.

Concerns on the bird flu attacks appear in the region following the reports of the death on the H5N1 in Indonesia, Cambodia, China and Vietnam.

Indonesia is striving to produce bird flu vaccine to a sufficient level when the pandemic takes place, Health Minister Nafsiah Mboi has said.

She said that the country needed over 50,000 units vaccine to be used when pandemic occurred and to help other countries.
meaning of pandemic:
Pandemic =  spread to cause global cataclysms.

Jatropha as a New Livestock Feed Resource

FAO is encouraging the use of co-products of the energy crop, Jatropha, as new livestock feed resources to reduce food-feed competition.

At a conference organised by the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, EMBRAPA in Brasilia dedicated to ‘Advances in the detoxification of Jatropha and castor seed cake and their use as livestock feed’, FAO presented its animal feed and feeding programme including the opportunities and challenges in utilising Jatropha co-products as livestock feed and the possibilities of generating other value-added products using a biorefinery concept.

Denda lebih berat jika dera binatang

PUTRAJAYA 13 Ogos - Rang Undang-undang Kebajikan Haiwan dijangka dibentang di Dewan Rakyat pada awal tahun depan dengan mengenakan hukuman lebih berat ke atas pesalah yang mendera binatang.

Menteri Pertanian dan Industri Asas Tani, Datuk Seri Noh Omar berkata, sehubungan itu, Jabatan Perkhidmatan Veterinar (JPV) mengajak orang ramai memberi cadangan dan maklum balas mengenai draf rang undang-undang tersebut.

''Pada 19 Jun lalu, draf ini dipaparkan di Internet selama 14 hari untuk membolehkan orang ramai memberi cadangan.

''Bermula hari ini sehingga 31 Ogos pula, draf ini akan dipaparkan buat kali kedua di Internet supaya kita boleh mengumpulkan lebih banyak maklum balas daripada pelbagai pihak," katanya pada sidang akhbar di sini hari ini.

Turut hadir, Pengarah Bahagian Pembangunan Sumber Teknologi Ternakan Kementerian Pertanian dan Industri Asas Tani, Dr. Quaza Nizamuddin dan Timbalan Ketua Pengarah Perkhidmatan Veterinar, Dr. Mohd Azmie Zakaria.

Record Heat Wave Kills Over 830,000 Farm Animals

SOUTH KOREA - Hundreds of thousands of animals have died in South Korea, the government said Wednesday, due to a heat wave that is heading for a three-week streak.Over 830,000 farm animals, including 786,512 chickens, have been killed since 20 July, when midday temperatures began hovering above 33 C in most parts of the country, according to the Ministry of Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, reportsYonhapNewsAgency. 
The dead animals include 40,780 ducks and 336 pigs. 
Such damages are often caused by power outages that can halt the ventilation and cooling systems at farms. 
The country was forced to issue power shortage warnings for two consecutive days this week as the sweltering weather pushed up its energy consumption to new highs, driving down its electricity levels to what officials called "dangerous levels" of less than three million kilowatts. 
"The number of animals killed may actually be greater, pending on a more thorough survey," a ministry official said, noting damages may also grow from the continuing heat wave. 
The country is also experiencing its longest streak of so-called tropical nights, where overnight temperatures stay above 25 C.

Suhu memberi kesan yang besar kepada fisiologi haiwan termasuk anak dan telur. Burung walet mempunyai had toleransi yang tertentu dengan suhu, sebab itulah ia berhati hati memilih suhu tempat pembiakan yang memberi kesan langsung kepada telur dan anak anaknya.

Vietnam H5N1 Outbreaks Reported

 

08 August 2012

VIETNAM - Six further cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 have been reported to the OIE.

The six outbreaks occured between the 16-27 of July.

In total 7004 birds were susceptible. The outbreak led to 5446 cases, resulting in 29753 birds being destroyed.

The outbreaks occured in the following regions:

• Thach Hoi, Thach Ha, HA TINH
• Cam Thach, Cam Xuyen, HA TINH
• Thach Tan, Thach Ha, HA TINH
• Thach Thang, Thach Ha, HA TINH
• An Thai, An Lao, Hai Phong
• Cam Quan, Cam Xuyen, HA TINH

The cause of the outbreak is still unknown.

nitrite content a big issue in China?

In China, there are reported cases that pregnant women suffered from miscarriage after consuming blood bird nest for few months. Besides there are other health issue related to bird nest (especially blood bird nest) consumption.
Due to cumulative reported cases, the Chinese authorities investigated the issue and came to a conclusion that the nitrite content in the bird nest is the root of the problem. Therefore, the China Government put a ban on the import of bird nest from Malaysia pending the resolution of nitrite content.
The China Government insists to have zero nitrite content in bird nest, which to the bird nest industrialists are impractical to achieve. It could be achieved at a cost and thus pushing up the bird nest prices. Whether it is essential to eradicate the nitrate/nitrite content at all in bird nest is an issue for the China Government and Malaysian Government to resolve.
In fact, nitrate also presents in the drinking water. As a reference, the U.S Environment Protection Agency sets Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCL) for nitrogen in public drinking water systems. The MCL for nitrates is 10 milligrams per liter whereas nitrites one milligram per liter. These figures may be used as a yardstick to resolve the nitrite content issue.

Lawatan ke kilang proses sarang burung walet

wanzulswiftlet mengadakan lawatan dan seterusnya mewujudkan kerjasama dalan pemasaran sarang burung walet yang diproses.

Jualan sulong sarang proses

Inilah kali pertama sarang burung telah siap dicuci dapat dijual terus kepada pengguna. Keadaan tidak menentu dalam industri perladangan burung walet memaksa penternak memikir lebih daripada kebiasaan untuk terus survive. 

Mexico declares emergency over new bird flu outbreak

The Mexican government has declared a national animal health emergency in the wake of a new outbreak of bird flu that has affected some 1.7 million fowl, leaving around 870,000 dead.

“We have activated a national animal health emergency with the goal of diagnosing, preventing, controlling and eradicating the Type A, sub-type H7N3 bird flu virus,” the country’s agriculture ministry said.

The declaration implies that farmers would have to quarantine and slaughter the infected birds. Contaminated products are to be destroyed, while unaffected poultry are to be vaccinated. 

It is unclear how many of the 870,000 dead birds were culled by farmers or killed by the virus. 

The UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization also confirmed the outbreak of the epidemic. 

The H7N3 virus was detected in the western state of Jalisco, Mexico’s largest chicken-farming region, which produces 11 per cent of the country’s poultry meat and 50 per cent of its eggs.

With poultry farming making up 40 per cent of the country’s total livestock production, the economic loss from the epidemic “is and will be irreparable,” the agriculture ministry stated. 

Health officials in the country have been on high alert since the 2009 outbreak of the H1N1 virus, dubbed “swine flu.” That virus grew into a global pandemic and killed up to 17,000 people. Although there have been cases of humans being infected with the H7N3 virus elsewhere in the world, the bird flu virus is not as readily contagious as H1N1.

Masih dalam ujian

Padang rumput

Setelah 6 bulan penggunaan, Hasil sangat positif. Inovasi dalamteknik memikat burung walet tetap memberi kelebihan dan menjadikan anda lebih kompetitif yang akan meninggal saigan jauh ke belakang.

Simple Inovasi

Nampak simple je, tapi sangat berkesan untuk memikat walet muda. Kemahiran berfikir secara kritikal sangat di perlukan dalam dunia perlandangan walet sekarang kerana persaingan semakin sengit terutama kepada yang masih baru dalam bidang Animal Farming.

Simple Enovasi

Nampak simple tapi bermanfaat, begitu juga dalam industri burung walet anda perlu berfikir untuk membuat inovasi bagi mendahului saingan anda supaya terusss survive dalam perladangan burung walet.

Harga sarang burung walet masih rendah lagi

Tiada apa yang menarik tentang perladangan burung walet, sekiranya harga masih dibawah Rm 2000. Bagi mendapat sarang gred A yang hanya berharga sekitar Rm 1600 - 1800 adalah terlalu sukar kerana pemilihan untuk gred tersebut adalah lebih teliti dan rata2 pengusaha hanya layak mendapat sarang gred B dan C. DALAM keadaan sekarang kebanyakkan  pengusaha mengeluh mendapat hasil jualan yang CIPUTberbanding dulu. Bertahan dan pandai2lah menyelamat RBW anda daripada  tergadai kepada pihak lain kerana tidak mampu membayar balik pinjaman bank.

Teknik tepat dan cepat

Kalu nak guna idea ni, boleh saja, sekat ni ia tidak membahaya RBW saya

No Farmers, No Food, No Future

GLOBAL - In the wake of the Rio Conference for Sustainable Development, Copa-Cogeca welcomes the fact that sustainable agriculture and food security were considered a priority. Copa-Cogeca urges heads of state to agree on a text which recognises the important contribution farmers can make to sustainable development through environmentally sound production practices which enhance food security and the livelihood of the poor and ensure sustained economic growth.

In view of growing world food demand and limited resources, Copa-Cogeca wants to see a committed outcome to the Rio+ Conference which sets the path towards a green economy, in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication and considers green growth as the way to using resources more efficiently without reducing profitability or production capacity. 

It leads to improved food security, eradicating hunger, while conserving land, water, biodiversity and ecosystems, and enhancing resilience to climate change and natural disasters. Enhancing agricultural research, extension services, training and education to improve agricultural productivity and sustainability through the voluntary sharing of knowledge and good practices is key to this. 

Speaker

Sudah ramiai yang mencuba dan  ramai lagi yang masih ingin mencuba. Dengarlah nasihat saya speaker diatas  tidak membantu langsung untuk menarik perhatian burung walet. Hasil tinjauan daripada 12 orang pengguna hanya 2 orang sahaja mengatakan  " Tidak Pasti" and the rest said wasted the time, forget it. Aplitude  dihasil sangat besar menyebabkan bunyi yang terhasilkan tidak memenuhi naluri burung walet.  

Indonesian Girl Dies of Bird Flu

06 July 2012

INDONESIA - An eight-year-old Indonesia girl from Karawang of West Java died after catching avian influenza, bringing the total death toll to eight this year, Health Ministry said.

The girl died in Jakarta after being treated in a hospital in the city since 28 June.

She first got the symptom of fever on June 18 and five days later the girl went to a hospital in Karawang with symptoms of cough, fever and throat problem before she was transferred to a hospital in Jakarta.

She tested positive for H5N1 virus, which put the total death to 158 out of 190 cases since the viruses first attacked the country in 2005.

An investigation indicated that the girl had had contact with poultry as she on 12 June bought 5 chickens and cooked them. She also passed the market every day on his way to school.
Bird flu had attacked Indonesia, the hardest, since 2005, and then the attacks were eased significantly. But, it has reemerged since last year, killing nine people in 2011.

There were concerns over the bird flu attacks in the region following the reports of the death resulting from the virus in Indonesia, Cambodia, China and Viet Nam.

Indonesian Health Minister Nafsiah Mboi said last month that the country was trying to produce bird flu vaccine to a sufficient level when the pandemic took place.